CASE STUDY

Proctitis in a 39-year-old man after years of junk food

A proctitis diet case that explains two years of blood and mucus in the stool, revealed by a full stool test.

Antonis is 39 years old and had a two-year history of blood in the stool, at first put down to hemorrhoids. Over time his bowel movements increased to four or five a day, with blood appearing after the fourth movement and occasional mucus in the stool. A colonoscopy confirmed chronic proctitis, a diagnosis that is uncommon at his age. His history included a steady, nightly habit of ultra-processed and fried food (junk food), along with excess body weight. In the evaluation, we decided to look at what was driving the inflammation with a full molecular stool test. The test revealed a reduced gut microbiome, low Akkermansia muciniphila, and raised fecal calprotectin, an inflammation marker that stayed hidden on routine bloodwork. This proctitis diet case describes how his diet and his lab results came together, and why cutting junk food became the first step in his plan.

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The thinking behind the case

At IBSyncrasy we describe how chronic poor diet keeps gut inflammation going in cases like Antonis's, and which changes are worth trying first. Buy IBSyncrasy

Proctitis diet case, who is Antonis and what symptoms did he have

THE PROFILE

Antonis, 39 years old

Antonis is 39 years old and has a two-year history of blood in the stool. At first the symptom was put down to hemorrhoids. As the bleeding continued, a colonoscopy found chronic proctitis, a diagnosis that at this age led us to look deeper for a cause.

THE SYMPTOMS

Four to five bowel movements a day

His bowel movements reached four to five a day, with blood appearing consistently after the fourth movement and occasional mucus in the stool. He also reported bloating after meals, two episodes of hives, and frequent nasal congestion, findings that seemed unrelated to each other at first glance.

HIS DAILY ROUTINE

A routine built around junk food

He woke at 4:30am and trained on an empty stomach, ate a salad for lunch and a light meal in the afternoon, but dinner was consistently ultra-processed and fried food (junk food), almost every night, before going to sleep around 9pm. This steady, daily exposure to junk food stood out immediately in his history.

OTHER HISTORY

Weight, medication, and family history

His body mass index was around 30.5, at the edge of obesity. He was on long-term finasteride and minoxidil, had a family history of gastric ulcer, and was already being treated with Salofalk and a probiotic formula (Bacteflora). None of these factors on their own explained why proctitis appeared so early.

What caught our attention about proctitis this early

What caught our attention in Antonis's case was his age. Chronic proctitis is more common in older patients or in people with an already known inflammatory bowel disease. At 39, with no prior history of bowel disease, this inflammation led us to look for what might be keeping it active for so long.

His diet history stood out

His history stood out for a steady, nightly habit of junk food, combined with excess body weight. Research links regular consumption of processed food with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease, through mechanisms tied to both the food's components and how it's processed.[1] This led us to treat his diet as a likely driver of the inflammation.

Looking beyond routine bloodwork

The next step was to look past routine bloodwork, which often stays normal even when the gut is actively inflamed. We recommended a full molecular stool test, with gut microbiome markers and mucosal markers such as fecal calprotectin and secretory IgA, to see what was behind the proctitis diagnosis.

REAL QUESTION

Can junk food cause proctitis on its own?

In the relationship between proctitis and diet, junk food places a burden on the intestinal lining through advanced glycation end products, emulsifiers, and high sugar content, factors that have been linked to increased gut permeability and low-grade inflammation. In a gut already under strain from other factors, a steady diet of junk food can act as an accelerant for inflammation.

If you also have chronic gut symptoms with a diet history heavy in junk food, in our evaluation we look at the gut together with your eating habits. Book an appointment

Which first steps we recommended and why

Before the stool test results came back, Antonis's history already gave us enough to recommend immediate changes. Our thinking rested on how chronic junk food intake affects the intestinal lining, independent of the findings that would come later.

Junk food as the main direction

We recommended cutting back on junk food as the first priority. Fried and ultra-processed foods contain advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during high-heat frying, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and emulsifiers widely used in industrial food processing, along with high sugar content. In large studies, regularly eating this type of food has been linked to a significantly higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease.[1]

Ultra-processed food intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk

+67%1 to 4 servings / day
+82%5 or more servings / day

Narula et al. 2021, BMJ 374,n1554, compared with less than 1 serving a day

These figures reflect overall inflammatory bowel disease risk in a large sample, and they showed us why his daily exposure to junk food needed to be treated as a central part of his history.

Why we singled out emulsifiers

One ingredient we singled out was polysorbate-80, an emulsifier commonly used in processed food. In a study of Crohn's disease patients, those who consumed more polysorbate-80 and other food additives scored significantly higher on a dietary inflammatory index than healthy controls.[2]

Dietary inflammatory index score in Crohn's disease patients

0.76Healthy controls
1.45Crohn's disease patients

Trakman et al. 2022, Nutrients 14(17),3627, ENIGMA study, p=0.011

The mechanism behind this difference involves how polysorbate-80 is metabolized in the gut and how that metabolism affects intestinal barrier permeability, a topic we cover in more detail in this post.

The rest of the initial plan

Alongside cutting junk food, we recommended gradual weight loss of at least 10kg, reducing alcohol intake, and avoiding exhausting workouts on an empty stomach, since intense physical strain without enough fuel can add further strain to the digestive system. We recommended regular, measured meals at consistent times, seasonal vegetables, soup two to three times a week, and a 1200mg daily sodium butyrate supplement, a substance that directly feeds colon cells.

A possible shared starting point with the hives

We also singled out the two hives episodes in his history. Hives and gut inflammation share, in some cases, a common immune background, a point that led us to view the skin and the gut as two expressions of one broader inflammatory picture.

What the full stool test showed

The stool test came back to explain why the inflammation stayed active despite treatment with Salofalk. The findings combined reduced beneficial bacteria, signs of gut dysbiosis, and mucosal inflammation markers that earlier bloodwork hadn't picked up.

Akkermansia muciniphila (molecular stool test) Below the normal range
The species that colonizes the mucus layer and feeds colon cells with acetate and propionate was reduced, a finding often linked to a weakened mucosal barrier.[3]
Enterobacter spp. (dysbiosis panel) Overgrowth
An opportunistic bacterium in overgrowth, a finding that typically accompanies reduced levels of beneficial species such as Akkermansia.
Secretory IgA (sIgA) Below the normal range
sIgA is the mucosa's first line of defense against pathogens and toxins, and its reduction leaves the epithelium more exposed.[4]
Fecal calprotectin Above the normal range
A direct marker of active mucosal inflammation, confirming that the proctitis remained active despite the existing treatment.[5]
Anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) Above the normal range
A marker of gluten sensitivity, separate from celiac disease, that led us to recommend a modified, lower-gluten diet.[6]
Pathogen panel (molecular stool PCR) Negative for all pathogens
A negative result that ruled out an active infection as the cause of the symptoms and turned our attention toward dysbiosis and diet.
H. pylori antibiotic resistance Resistance markers present
A finding unrelated to the proctitis directly, but one that shaped which treatment would make sense if eradication were needed in the future.
Dysbiotic overgrowth panel Multiple opportunistic species in overgrowth
An overall picture of gut dysbiosis that accompanies the reduced Akkermansia and raised fecal calprotectin.
Diagram showing how the stool test findings connect to gut inflammation
The chain from reduced Akkermansia and raised fecal calprotectin to mucosal inflammation
REAL QUESTION

What does low Akkermansia muciniphila mean on a stool test?

Akkermansia muciniphila is one of the main bacteria that colonize the mucus layer of the colon and help maintain a healthy mucosal lining. Low levels of this species have been linked in studies to a thinner mucus layer and greater vulnerability of the intestinal epithelium to inflammation. In the relationship between proctitis and diet, finding it at low levels adds to the picture of inflammation when it appears alongside other mucosal markers, such as fecal calprotectin.

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At IBSyncrasy we break down how gut dysbiosis and reduced Akkermansia muciniphila connect to chronic inflammation, and which markers are worth checking first. Buy IBSyncrasy

How the findings connect to his diet

These findings match Antonis's diet history. A steady diet of junk food, low in fiber and high in processed ingredients, creates a gut environment that favors opportunistic bacteria over species like Akkermansia, while keeping mucosal inflammation active. The reduced gut microbiome and raised fecal calprotectin gave us a specific explanation for why the proctitis appeared so early and why it persisted.

InterventionWhich finding it targets and why
Sodium butyrate, 1200mg a day (a short-chain fatty acid supplement)For the low Akkermansia muciniphila and reduced gut microbiome. It directly feeds colon cells and supports the integrity of the mucosal lining.[3]
A broad-spectrum herbal antimicrobial blend (goldenseal, garlic, tea tree, and oregano extracts)For the Enterobacter spp. overgrowth on the dysbiosis panel. It targets opportunistic bacteria without the broad effect of an antibiotic.
A modified, lower-gluten diet (a Mediterranean pattern with fewer gluten-containing grains)For the raised anti-gliadin antibodies. It reduces a possible dietary trigger for the mucosa without requiring a full gluten exclusion.
Cutting junk food and replacing it with seasonal vegetables and soupFor the raised fecal calprotectin and low sIgA. It reduces exposure to advanced glycation end products, emulsifiers, and sugar that place a burden on the epithelium.[1]
Gradual weight loss of at least 10kg and reduced alcohol intakeFor the raised body mass index and strained metabolic profile, factors that keep low-grade inflammation active throughout the body.

What Antonis's case taught us about proctitis and diet

Antonis's case showed how a steady junk food habit can be linked to chronic proctitis at a young age, with no other obvious cause. The full stool test gave us the connection that routine bloodwork missed, with reduced Akkermansia muciniphila, gut dysbiosis, low sIgA, and raised fecal calprotectin.

Next steps

We recommended repeating fecal calprotectin two months after starting the intervention, to see whether mucosal inflammation eases alongside the dietary changes. We also recommended a full follow-up with his gastroenterologist and age-appropriate preventive screening, since the family history of gastric ulcer keeps the broader digestive picture worth watching.

How junk food affects the intestinal epithelium
Scientific illustration of how junk food components affect the intestinal epithelium
Advanced glycation end products and emulsifiers place a burden on the mucosa and keep inflammation active

In Antonis's case, diet stood out as the starting point for understanding why the proctitis appeared so early, and how it could be addressed at the root.

NEXT STEP

Your history might be hiding a dietary cause

In our evaluation we look at your gut together with your eating habits, the way we did in Antonis's case.

Book an appointment

Frequently asked questions

Chronic proctitis is a prolonged inflammation of the lining of the final section of the colon, often causing blood in the stool, mucus, and more frequent bowel movements. It can be linked to inflammatory bowel disease, infection, or dietary factors, and is often first mistaken for hemorrhoids because of the similar bleeding pattern.

Diet is often one factor among several, and regularly eating processed food has been linked in studies to a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease, even in younger adults with no other predisposing factors. The mechanism involves added strain on the intestinal epithelium and disruption of the gut microbiome.

Beyond the colonoscopy that confirms the diagnosis, a molecular stool test adds information about the gut microbiome, dysbiosis, and mucosal inflammation markers such as fecal calprotectin, details that routine bloodwork usually leaves out.

References

  1. Narula N, Wong ECL, Dehghan M, et al. Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease, prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021,374,n1554.
  2. Trakman GL, Fehily S, Basnayake C, et al. Processed food as a risk factor for the development and perpetuation of Crohn's disease, the ENIGMA study. Nutrients. 2022,14(17),3627.
  3. Earley H, Lennon G, Balfe Á, Coffey JC, Winter DC, O'Connell PR. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and its relationship with sulphated colonic mucins in health and ulcerative colitis. Scientific Reports. 2019,9,15683.
  4. Lin R, Chen H, Shu W, et al. Clinical significance of soluble immunoglobulins A and G and their coated bacteria in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2018,16,1-15.
  5. Rokkas T, Portincasa P, Koutroubakis IE. Fecal calprotectin in assessing inflammatory bowel disease endoscopic activity, a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2018,27(3),299-306.
  6. Frehn L, Jansen A, Bennek E, et al. Distinct patterns of IgG and IgA against food and microbial antigens in serum and feces of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. PLoS ONE. 2014,9(9),e106750.
Theodoros Prevedoros
MSC BIOCHEMISTRY

THEODOROS PREVEDOROS

I work alongside gastroenterologists, pediatricians and endocrinologists. Since 2007 I have been training doctors, dietitians and health professionals across the full range of functional-medicine testing (Metabolomics, Microbiome and more).

Assessment and analysis of more than 2,500 cases since 2007. Author of IBSyncrasy. Book an appointment or find me on Instagram.